太阳温度
表面温度：约 5500 摄氏度
中心温度：约 2000万 摄氏度
日冕层温度：约 5 × 106 摄氏度
太阳概述
太阳是距离地球最近的恒星，是太阳系的中心天体。太阳系质量的 99.87% 都集中在太阳。太阳系中的地球以及其他类地行星、巨行星都围绕着太阳运行。另外围绕太阳运动的还有小行星、流星、彗星、超海王星型天体以及灰尘。
太阳的构成
太阳从中心向外可分为核反应区、辐射区、对流层和大气层。由于太阳外层气体的透明度极差，人类能够直接观测到的是太阳大气层，从内向外分为光球、色球和日冕3层。
观测数据
到地球的平均距离：150,000,000 千米
视星等 (V) ：-26.8m
绝对星等：4.8m
物理数据
直径：1,392,000 km
相对直径(dS/dE)：109
表面面积：6.09×1012 千米2
体积：1.41×1027 米3
质量：1.9891×1030 千克
相对于地球质量：333,400 倍
密度：1411 千克/米3
相对于地球密度：0.26 倍
相对于水的密度：1.409 倍
表面重力加速度：274 米/秒2
相对表面重力加速度：27.9 倍
表面温度：5780 开
中心温度：约 2000 万开
日冕层温度：5 × 106 开
发光度 (LS) ：3.827 × 1026 J s-1
自转周期
赤道处：27天6小时36分钟
纬度 30°：28天4小时48分钟
纬度 60°：30天19小时12分钟
纬度 75°：31天19小时12分钟
绕银河系中心公转周期：2.2 × 108年
光球层成分
氢：73.46 %
氦：24.85 %
氧：0.77 %
碳：0.29 %
铁：0.16 %
氖：0.12 %
氮：0.09 %
硅：0.07 %
镁：0.05 %
硫：0.04 %
物理特性以及其他特性
太阳是一个主星序恒星，光谱类型为G2，表明它比一般恒星更大，更热，但是远小于红巨星。G2恒星具有大约100亿年的主星序寿命，通过核子宇宙年代学测定，太阳年龄大约50亿年。
在太阳中心，密度为1.5×105kg/m3，热核反应（核聚变）将氢转变为氦。每秒钟有3.9×1045个原子参与核反应。产生的能量以光的形式从太阳表面散发出去。而地球只获得了太阳总辐射量的22亿分之一。物理学家可以通过氢弹制造热核反应。可控核聚变发电站在将来可能成为产生电能的一种方式。
由于温度太高，太阳上的所有物质都处于等离子态，由于太阳不是固体，因此太阳的赤道可以比高纬度地区旋转得更快。太阳不同纬度的自转差别造成了它的磁力线随时间扭曲，引起磁场回路（magnetic field loops）从太阳表面喷发，并引发形成太阳黑子和日珥。
日冕层密度为1011个原子/m3，光球层为1023个原子/m3。
一段时间以来，人们一直认为太阳核反应产生的中微子数量仅仅是理论值的1/3，即所谓的太阳中微子问题。最近发现中微子具有质量，并且在从太阳到地球的过程中可能转变为难以检测到的中微子变种，测量值和理论值一致了。
观测太阳可以发现如下现象：
太阳黑子
光斑
白光耀斑
日珥
宁静日珥
爆发日珥
活动日珥
注意：直视太阳会损伤视网膜并造成视力损伤。
太阳与神话
在希腊神话中，太阳的保护神是阿波罗。在中国神话传说中，太阳是一种叫做金乌有三条腿的鸟；古代英雄后羿还曾经射下天空中的金乌，解救了地上的百姓。
太阳的重要性
太阳对人类而言至关重要。地球大气的循环，日夜与四季的轮替，地球冷暖的变化都是太阳作用的结果。对于天文学家来说，太阳是唯一能够观测到表面细节的恒星。通过对太阳的研究，人类可以推断宇宙中其他恒星的特性，实际上，太阳是我们唯一能看到表面细节的恒星，人类对恒星的了解大部分都来自于太阳。
自恋坛
大家看到的是摘要，要点击进去看哦
2006-8-24 2:17:43
太阳温度
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